Süt Verimi ve Bileşimine Genetik, Biyokimyasal ve Çevresel Faktörlerin Etkisi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15700957Anahtar Kelimeler:
Süt Bileşimi, Süt Verimi, Laktasyon, Besleme, SağımÖzet
Süt, biyokimyasal içeriği ve üretim miktarı açısından birçok genetik ve çevresel faktör tarafından şekillenen kompleks bir biyolojik sıvıdır. Bu derleme, süt bileşimi ve verimi üzerinde belirleyici olan hayvan ırkı, laktasyon dönemi, yaş, sağlık durumu, çevresel sıcaklık, sağım zamanı ve yöntemi, besleme stratejileri, hayvanın psikolojik durumu ve bakım uygulamaları gibi faktörlerin bilimsel temellerini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Süt üretiminde genetik yapı temel belirleyici olmakla birlikte, besleme rejimi, çevresel stres faktörleri ve yönetim uygulamalarının da süt miktarı ve bileşimi üzerinde önemli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Laktasyonun ilerleyen evrelerinde süt veriminde azalma gözlemlenirken, makro ve mikro besin bileşenlerinde kayda değer değişimler meydana gelmektedir. Özellikle yetersiz beslenme, patolojik durumlar ve çevresel stres unsurları, sütün biyokimyasal kompozisyonunu olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Sağımın sıklığı ve yöntemi, süt salgılanma mekanizmaları üzerinde belirleyici olup, optimal sağım uygulamaları verimliliği artırmada kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca, hayvan refahı ve bakım koşulları, süt üretim süreçleri üzerinde doğrudan etkili olup, optimal yönetim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi sürdürülebilir süt üretimi açısından elzemdir.
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